Winston Gummels of Tropical Gem Tours made this trip possible and so enjoyable.
This idea for a visit to Suriname had its roots in a too-small car with a convertible top- thus a folding kayak for aquatic adventure, and a frivolous comment in February 2005. Long before this set of circumstances was to send me off to South America, I had received a book called "Wildlife of the Rivers" as a school academic prize for apparent diligence in one subject or another. Within its pages was an account of a toad with the peculiar habit of raising tadpoles to mini toad size in the spongy skin of the female’s back. It was unique to a place called Suriname. Over the years this morsel of natural history had been expanded in my brain to the point where Suriname held many strange and exotic wonders of wildlife, though the country was never in the news and I had heard no mention of Suriname during my twenties and nearly all of my thirties. During my visit to Suriname, I found that nobody had heard of the Suriname Toad (Pica pica), and since my return I learned that this species has no tongue.
I really valued the sunshine afforded by my tippy little Suzuki’s ragtop in summer, and resolved not to obstruct its openness with a rack to carry the kayak I was intending to buy. This meant that I had to buy a folding kayak, which came in two bags which could easily fit into my unlockable car. It could even be checked as luggage on an airplane. When I first assembled my little boat, I was so impressed with the ingenious design and imagined all sorts of possibilities for aquatic fun. I raved about it to a friend who had just taken a new position at the New York Times "T" Style magazine, as the travel editor. Ann-Marie’s comment, being totally uninterested in the finer points of folding boat construction, was: "I’d like to send you down some obscure river in it..". Equally flippantly, I replied, "Suriname". This was sufficiently obscure that neither Ann-Marie, nor most of her friends at the NY Times had ever heard of the place, and her bosses agreed to the idea when it was finally pitched to them.
Google searches yielded little information on the rivers, let alone this little country between Jim Jones‘ Guyana, and the European Space Agency‘s Guiana (temporary abode of Papillon, Capt. Alfred Dreyfus, and Rene Belbenoit who blew the lid off the French penal colony), so the next step was to find a good map. While on a trip to Boston, Ceci King took the time to wander into a map store and found a good one produced by a Canadian company. Now I had some names of rivers, and little dots on the map that were centers of population. My map informed me that there were less than 450 000 people in the entire country, all but 23 000 living within 30 miles of the coast, so that the interior remains a vast expanse of forested and pristine jungle. It sounded sufficiently wild to me. How much terra incognita was really left on the planet?
I began to look into specific rivers, especially the ones that had no dots with names on their banks, and decided that the Coppename River, between a place called Tafelberg, and another called Raleighvallen looked as if it would do just fine. The problem was that it flowed through a newly set up preserve, called the Central Suriname Nature Reserve, which united and expanded three smaller nature reserves that had not been contiguous. No doubt, we would have to get some sort of official permission to undertake this little expedition.
A call to the Embassy of the Republic of Suriname in Washington DC elicited a number for the Forest Service. After a succession of calls to Paramaribo which had me bounced from person to person, I found myself speaking to a fellow called Bryan Drakenstein, acting head of the Nature Conservation Division of the Forest Service. After outlining the plan in brief, I emailed a more detailed proposal which he agreed to, with certain conditions. We were to take a warden, at our expense, and he recommended Winston Gummels of Tropical Gem Tours, (mytropicalgemtours.com) as the best man to help with the logistics.
The Times found Patrick Woodhead to write the story of what was sure to be a misadventure. Bobby Fisher and his assistant Christian Macdonald would record it all on film. Lee Manigault, and Pieter Sonneveld, a guide who was approached by Winston, would complete the team.
December 26, 2005
Monday. Departure for Suriname. It had taken about eleven months, from the casual conception of this idea to the American Airlines departure lounge, Miami International Airport. Over this period I had pushed, pulled, persuaded, ignored, ruled and overruled, and made decisions that might have some dire consequences if the Fates chose to look at us askance. If I didn’t get an unambiguous answer to any particular question, I tried to use my best judgment hoping that I would be spared the indignity of having it reversed.
I had driven from Pine Plains, New York after a bad night. I had been ill for no apparent reason for several weeks, and although I was expecting to decorate the verges of the highway with my last meal every few hours, this condition just as inexplicably disappeared when I started my drive. I was carrying two folding kayaks, a load of camera equipment, MP3 recorder, microphones, luggage and Bug-Off clothing from Orvis. I had bought and been given several dry bags, which I knew would prove indispensable. I drove to Charleston, South Carolina on Christmas Day to pick up Lee, and the next day we left for Miami in the bouncy, noisy Suzuki with no functioning radio. We had plenty of time to think.
On the long drive the car would periodically and inexplicably cut out, until we discovered that Lee’s toes were pushing against the wires that ran to the car’s infernal computer. Every large truck traveling down I95 which passed us sent us across the highway with the force of its slipstream. It wasn’t the most luxurious mode of travel. After a steak dinner in Palm Beach (why not?), with several Christmas drinks, we spent the night in a cookie-cutter hotel near the airport. We flew out the next morning to Curacao, hoping like hell that the boats wouldn‘t be kneaded into a mangled bundle of tubes and rubber in the cargo hold.
The three hour flight to Paramaribo was comfortable and not crowded, and we arrived late in the evening. A lady passenger near us was invited forward and hung out in the cockpit with the pilots for most of the flight. The cockpit door was hardly ever closed. A man holding a crude placard with my name on it greeted us as we emerged from the terminal at J. Pengel International Airport, a relatively uninspired but airy building, After fighting our way through a crowd of enthusiastic taxi drivers we piled our bags into his station wagon for the drive into town. His name was Andre, and though he spoke no English and we no Dutch, we did establish that he was a trucker for a fuel company. The road worsened a few miles from the airport, there were plenty of mangy looking curs on the side of the road; the drive generally reminded me of the approach to a secondary Zimbabwean town. There seemed to be no consistent speed limit, and in the short time it took to get to town I realized that use of the horn was mandatory to automotive survival in Suriname. We passed a bauxite mine, and several industrial complexes before we entered the southern suburbs of Paramaribo. We were deposited at the Hotel de Luifel, and were met by Winston Gummels. Contrary to my expectation, he looked about as un-Surinamese as I could have imagined. He was more Caucasian than I, and clearly in a celebratory spirit. I expected this, the entire population of Suriname seems to go on a massive bender between Christmas and New Year. We were driven to a party at the Gummels compound, which was in its death throes when we arrived. A few people remained, and I had an interesting conversation with Henk, Winston’s father, whose sentences were punctuated with an interrogative sounding “ay” at random points. He suggested that the Tafelberg to Raleighvallen idea was less than feasible due to the terrain, uncertain water level (it had been low for several years) and the limited time we had to undertake this little trip. During our discussions I got my first taste of Parbo beer, which was sure to become a favorite. Winston offered us some samoosas, and Indonesian rolls which, when dipped in a spicy sweet sauce, were beyond delicious. The night was ripped by fireworks every few minutes, and we were to learn by sheer lack of sleep that this boisterous pyromania would continue until after the New Year. We would also learn that daylight was no great inhibitor to the setting off of "bombels."
With the news that our trip had major problems as originally planned , I spent several sleepless hours ruminating on the options we might consider. Plan B was to fly to Kayserberg airstrip, and travel down the Zuid (South) River, join the Lucie River and emerge near Amotopo airstrip, on the Corantijn River which formed the western border with Guyana.
December 27
Tuesday. Lee, a fearless experimenter in all things culinary, was felled by gastric illness. Since the delicious morsels we had eaten the night before didn‘t cause me any problems, it was probably an imported condition. Lee had absolutely no desire to deal with me, and I was banished from the room we shared. (Great Kiskadee in the neighborhood) We had discussed the fact that living in such close proximity for six weeks would leave few secrets between us in terms of those subjects that wouldn’t enter into polite conversation, except in the broadest terms and with liberal use of euphemism. So I understood why she seemed to find my concern irritating, but I would have had a hard time explaining to the father of her children, let alone her parents, how I could have brought her into an environment where she had only lasted one day. To allow Lee some recuperative peace, I wandered around the vicinity of the hotel to begin familiarizing myself with the birds I would probably see most often. Over a dingy white wall, in the neighbor’s yard were several trees, including mangos that offered good possibilities for Twitching. Great Kiskadees were feeding chicks that uttered plaintive squeaks every few minutes, and had done so throughout the night in spite of the battlefield sounds of the fireworks. These birds were ubiquitous and approachable, and I never tired of seeing them whenever we stayed in Paramaribo. (Common Tody-Flycatcher) I was excited to find a pair of Common Tody-Flycatchers constructing a pendulous and rather scruffy nest, and continued to follow the progress and try for the best photographs. Sadly, when we returned from our first outing a week or so later, we found the nest destroyed. The gardens and plots near the hotel were populated with small green parrots, Bananquits, Wrens, Blue-Gray Tanagers, Anis and others that defied identification until I became more familiar with the local birdlife. I knew that if I were stuck for something to do, I could entertain myself by taking a walk around the block. Winston picked me up after a rather sorry breakfast of "egg and cheese," and instant coffee with powdered creamer. Later, as I was idly examining a packet of the stuff, I discovered it was laced with an insalubrious compound called Sodium tripolyphosphate. Some years ago I had been asked to look into this compound by a friend researching marine contaminants, and found out that it is used in everything from chicken nuggets to carwash detergent, and is not particularly good for you. We visited Zorg en Hoop airport, situated in the suburbs, to examined the Gum Air planes that would ferry us around the countryside. We also needed to examine a better map than I had, to find a good body of water for the practice paddle once Patrick arrived. I was not too keen to practice on a river with fast-moving water, rapids and a high probability of bodily damage. I was going to make damned sure that any mishaps we might have happened on the main river trip, in the middle of nowhere, so that the extraction of an injured corpus would be really thrilling. We drove into town to change some money, I was beginning to feel helpless without a little wad of the local currency. After a bit of a convoluted drive through buildings in every state of maintenance, we entered the clogged and busy center of town. Modern concrete structures stood shoulder to shoulder with old wooden colonial beauties, though the latter were clearly feeling the effects of the climate. Winston determined that the bank was too busy to change travelers cheques without losing one‘s cool. I was to discover that this simple transaction was exceedingly arduous and required far more steps than one would consider reasonable even if one had the most bureaucratic mindset. We would try again closer to closing time. It was my first look at the center of town. Next to the white and modern-looking bank stood the largest surviving wooden cathedral in South America, and it looked as though an effort was being made to refurbish the structure. Back at the hotel I had an interesting discussion with a retired diplomat. He was Surinamese of Indian descent, and had been the country’s representative to the Hague around the time of the military coup in 1980, where a fellow called Chin-A-Sen ended up as President (there was another in 1982, led by a Lt. Col. Desi Bouterse, and yet another in 1990, engineered by the same guy). My companion on the little upstairsdeck was Mr. Adjodhia, and he was passionate about Suriname, but the terms of the pension given him by the Dutch government dictated that he live in Holland. He was disdainful of the Dutch, who he believed had a lot to answer for: he suggested they supported and supplied arms to those complicit in the murder of journalists, lawyers and villagers after the coup. By South American standards this was hardly the orgy of atrocities that had been committed in nearby countries, but fifteen opposition leaders were executed. Mr Adjodhia laughed easily and was unrestrained, and I thought I might learn a great deal from this man, who would be staying at the hotel until late January. He had (across from the Palace) He had researched his family history in Suriname to the point where he knew that, on his mother’s side, a forebear was second caste and had come from northern India. He also knew the date of embarkation from Calcutta, the name of the transport ship, its date of arrival, end date of the five year contract, and similar minute details that had been meticulously recorded during colonial times. After the abolition of slavery in 1863, contract workers were brought in from China with limited success, since the Chinese had little interest in working sugar cane when their five years were up. Workers from the Dutch East Indies were next, and finally Indians employed to work the plantations. I often asked people that I met in Suriname what made up their racial mix, and those of present day Indonesian descent always referred to themselves as Javanese.
December 28th
December 29th
Lee and I met Harish, a student of marketing and part time taxi driver, a Hindi with a curious tuft of uncut hair at the back of his head. He would transport us the sixty miles or so to Jenny for a favorable rate. He took us to have our tickets and passports examined by some officious looking old cow in the humorless ministry dealing with those things, and then on to the Gummels Farm where we deposited gear not immediately needed. We were greeted by a shirtless Winston and his spectacular girth. For a young man (32) it didn’t look good, and I gave him such a hard time about it over the duration of my visit that by the time we left he said he had lost seven pounds because of my teasing. Luckily for me, he took it all very well and was polite enough not to harp on my many and varied flaws. In the swampy fields next to the long sandy driveway we saw several birds that were new to me, Snail Kite and Wattled Jacana among the most exciting. I hadn’t seen Brahman cattle as handsome as these since I had left Zimbabwe. We headed west towards Jenny. The road took us through areas where the houses became progressively more shack-like and spread out, with derelict cars and junk in yards that were swept clean of all vegetation, leaving only bare and dusty earth. This is common in Africa too; perhaps it is done so that anyone stepping out of the house can see undesirable reptiles or insects, but it does not make for the most picturesque home setting. Often we saw a beautiful Kapok tree with a nasty-looking dwelling in its shadow. Old farmland interspersed with tracts of forest, and a worsening road surface marked our progress, but as we slowed down to negotiate some huge pothole or sunken piece of Macadam, we could hear spectacular sounds from the forest edge. Harish turned out to be very decent, eloquent and intelligent. He was a lover of nature, and a member of that large majority of the Surinamese population that kept singing birds. Many residents of Paramaribo entered their melodious captives in competitions held every Sunday on the lawn outside the Presidential Palace. We got the low down on the four main types of singing birds, and how one can ruin the key of another if they are in close proximity. As we passed houses and businesses at 45 miles per hour, Harish would say "Twatwa", or "Pikolet", referring to the tiny avian content of a miserably small cage hanging under the verandah of some tin-roofed dwelling 30 yards away or more. We were regaled with stories of communication between him and a couple of his previous pets, notably a monkey and a parrot, that were too much like human interaction to pass our credibility test, but we became very fond of Harish in spite of his fantastic tales. Finally, we crossed over the Coppename River, turned off the bridge on the western end, and headed down towards the water. We unloaded and Harish took off back to town. I wondered if he thought he would ever see us again. The place was deserted except for a few houses a couple of hundred yards away. It was low tide, and the bank gentle and muddy. We assembled the kayak and organized the supplies that were to be stowed in the boat. We shoved all our gear in the craft, slid over the mud, floated out and began to paddle. A pair of Rufous Crab Hawks saw us off from the remnants of the ferry dock that predated the swanky new bridge, screaming at us and each other.
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An extraordinary number of people assisted me with this project, knowingly or unwittingly, and I am profoundly grateful to you for having allowed me to express what was encoded in the "irresponsible" section of my genetic filing cabinet. My life was changed. For most, you know yourselves and I have known many of you for years, I could name and thank you individually but I have rambled on enough and hope that a collective expression of my appreciation will do. Anything I have to say would be insufficient. Thank you.